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The temperate zone
- 2. The temperate zone • Between the 45° and the 60° on both hemisphere • MAT is between 12°C and -10°C • MAR is great • 4 seasons • Dominated by west winds • 4 climate areas: o Marine climate area o Continental climate area o semi-arid and arid climate area o Subarctic climate area
- 3. The marine climate area • West coast of contintents • MAT: 8-10°C • MAR: low, 7-8°C • Precipitation: even and aboundant, around 1500mm/year eluviation • Dominated winds: westerly winds • Seasons: cold, humid summer and mild, humid winter • Water output and water level: even • Landform processes: chemical weathering, work of rivers
- 4. • Natural vegetation: deciduous forest (oak and beech), peat bogs • Soil: brown forest soil (rich in humus, intensive eluviation)
- 5. The continental climate area • Subtypes: o Continental warm summer – mean temp.of the warmest month exceeds 20°C o Continental cool summer – mean temp. of warmest month doesnt exceed 20°C o Continental monsoon areas • MAT: depends on the latitude, around 10°C • MAR: 24-25°C • Winds: west winds, cyclones • Soil: brown forest soil • Landform processes: chemical and mechanical weathering
- 6. • Vegetation: deciduous forest, mixture of steppes and trees less prec. • Seasons: 4 seasons, warm or hot summer and cold winter • Precipitation: 5-800mm, very uneven, maximum in summer • Water output and water level: uneven
- 7. Continental monsoon climate area • East Asia • very cold winter, warm summer • abundant precipitation
- 8. Semi-arid climate areas • MAT: 0-10°C • MAR: 24-25°C • Precipitation:3-500mm, uneven • Winds: weaken west winds • Landform processes: mechanical weathering(frost shattering), erosion of winds • Water level and water output: uneven • Seasons: 4, warm or hot summer and col or very cold winter
- 9. • Vegetation: grasslands Steppe Pampas Prairie • Soil: chernozem – black, high humus content, slow eluviation
- 10. Arid climate areas • Deserts and semi-deserts • Great distance from the oceas • MAT: 0-10°C • MAR: 40-50°C • Precipitation: less than 300mm • Winds: local winds • Vegetation: poor poor soil • No constant rivers • Landform processes: mechanical weathering, work of wind
- 11. The subarctic climate area • MAT: -10-0°C • MAR: 50-60°C • Precipitation: 300mm • Winds: westerly and polar easterly winds • Seasons: 4, short and relatively warm summer and long, cold winter • Rivers: forzen during 8-9 months • Landform processes: frost shattering, land slides
- 12. • vegetation: coniferous forest, taiga • Soil: podzol – grey, not fertile soil
- 13. Changes in the temperate zone Precipitation Vegetation Wind Climate Soil Water level and water output
- 14. Vegetations in the temperate zone Deciduous forests
- 16. Animals in the temperate zone